语用学Chapter5PolitenessPrincipleandFaceTheory陈新仁何自然何伟.pdfVIP

Chapter Five Politeness Principle and Face Theory Contents I. Approaches to politeness II. Leech’s Politeness Principle III. Brown Levinson’s Face Theory I. Approaches to politeness 甲：还在吃饭？ 乙：今天吃得晚点，散步？ 甲：买菜？ 乙：嘿，你也买菜？ A ：Good morning, John. B：Good morning, Mary. 3 Jenny Thomas opinion about politness 1. Politeness as a real-world goal: a genuine desire to be nice or pleasant to others, or the underlying motivation for an individual’s linguistic behavior 礼貌所体现的是交际的一种现实目的 2. Politeness as deference: respect paid to those with a higher social status, greater age or the like 礼貌就是对他人表示敬意或敬重 4 • 3. Politeness as an utterance-level phenomenon: concerned with the study of forms available for performing particular speech acts politely and the perception of politeness • 礼貌是一种话语现象 • 4. Politeness as a pragmatic phenomenon: Leech’s Politeness Principle, and Brown and Levinson’s Face Theory • 礼貌是一种语用现象 pragmatic scale view 语用等级观 conversational-contract view 会话契约观 face-management view 面子维护观 conversational-maxim view 会话准则观 5 Lakoff 的礼貌三规则 • 规则一: 不要强加于人 • 适用于交际双方权势和地位不均等的场合, 如学生和老 师, 雇主和雇员之间 • 规则二: 给对方留有余地和空间 • 适用于交际双方权力地位平等, 但社会关系不密切的场 合, 如商人与顾客 • 规则三: 增进相互之间的友情 • 适用于好友、恋人之间