古代智慧与现代科技结合治理城市内涝.PDFVIP

古代智慧与现代科技结合治理城市内涝 吴庆洲 （华南理工大学建筑学院，广东省广州市，510640 ） Ancient Wisdom Combining with Modern Science and Technology Against Urban Waterlogging Qingzhou Wu (Professor, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China) 摘 要：本文总结中国古城防止城市内涝的历史经验，主要是规划、建设和管理好城市水系，古城水系的排洪 河道密度和行洪断面是两个重要的技术指标，古城水系调蓄能力是防止雨涝灾害的重要因素。文内列举了明清 紫禁城和赣州古城两个防内涝的典范。文中分析了现代城市频频内涝的原因，并提出了将古代智慧与现代科学 技术结合起来治理城市内涝的对策，以及建立大、中、小三个排水系统的设想。 关键词：城市水系；河道密度；行洪断面；调蓄能力；城市内涝；古代智慧；现代科学技术；对策 Abstract：This paper sums up the historical experience of China’s ancient cities against urban waterlogging as to plan and build and administer urban canal system, of witch, the density and area of section of the escape canal being important technical index, and the storage capacity of urban canal system being key factor to avoid urban waterlogging. The Forbidden City of Ming and Qing Dynasties and ancient Ganzhou are two examples against urban waterlogging. It also analyses the causes of modern cities suffering urban waterlogging and puts forward countermeasures of combining ancient wisdom with modern science and technology and a proposal of building a large,a middle and a small three drainage systems to adviod urban waterlogging. Key words：urban canal system; density of escape canal; area of section of escape canal; capacity of storage; urban waterlogging; ancient wisdom; modern science and technology; countermeasures 1 引言 近年来，中国城市雨洪内涝灾害频频发生，造成巨大损失。比如：2012 年 7 月 21 日至22 日，北京 降特大暴雨，造成 77 人死亡，160 多万人受灾，经济损失巨大，百姓生活受到严重影响。解决城市雨洪 引起的内涝灾害，已成为城市建设和管理的当务之急。 为什么中国现代城市这么脆弱，一场暴雨就引发一系列的灾害、造成严重