Singlespinasymmetriesinppscattering-精选课件(公开).pptVIP

Single spin asymmetries in pp scattering Piet Mulders Content Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA) in pp scattering Introduction: what are we after? SSA and time reversal invariance Transverse momentum dependence (TMD) Through TMD distribution and fragmentation functions to transverse moments and gluonic poles Electroweak processes (SIDIS, Drell-Yan and annihilation) Hadron-hadron scattering processes Gluonic pole cross sections What can pp add? Conclusions Introduction: what are we after?The partonic structure of hadrons For (semi-)inclusive measurements, cross sections in hard scattering processes factorize into a hard squared amplitude and distribution and fragmentation functions entering in forward matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon field operators (f ? y or G) The partonic structure of hadrons Quark distribution functions (DF) and fragmentation functions (FF) unpolarized q(x) = f1q(x) and D(z) = D1(z) Polarization/polarimetry Dq(x) = g1q(x) and dq(x) = h1q(x) Azimuthal asymmetries g1T(x,pT) and h1L(x,pT) Single spin asymmetries h1?(x,pT) and f1T(x,pT); H1?(z,kT) and D1T(z,kT) Form factors Generalized parton distributions SSA and time reversal invariance QCD is invariant under time reversal (T) Single spin asymmetries (SSA) are T-odd observables, but they are not forbidden! For distribution functions a simple distinction between T-even and T-odd DF’s can be made Plane wave states (DF) are T-invariant Operator combinations can be classified according to their T-behavior (T-even or T-odd) Single spin asymmetries involve an odd number (i.e. at least one) of T-odd function(s) The hard process at tree-level is T-even; higher order as is required to get T-odd contributions Leading T-odd distribution functions are TMD functions Intrinsic transverse momenta In a hard process one probes partons (quarks and gluons) Momenta fixed by kinematics (external momenta) DIS x = xB = Q2/2P.q SIDIS z = zh = P.Kh/P.q Also possible for t