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Temp oral Dep endent Plasticity: An Information Theoretic Account Gal Chechik and Naftali Tishby Institute of Computer Science and Engineering and the Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel ggal@cs.huji.ac.il tishby@cs.huji.ac.il Abstract The fundamental paradigm of Hebbian learning has recently re- ceived a novel interpretation with the discovery of synaptic plas- ticity that dep ends on the relative timing of pre and p ost synaptic spikes. [Markram et al. 1997; Zhang et al. 1998]. While this typ e of plasticity has already b een studied in various computational frame- works, a generic computational motivation or its derivation from rst principles is still missing. In this pap er we derive temp orally dep endent learning from the basic principle of mutual information maximization and study its relation to the exp erimentally observed plasticity. The comparison shows that not only is the biological learning rule similar in form to the analytically derived one, but it also increases mutual information to a near-optimal level. The analysis yields new insights into the temp oral characteristics of the observed learning rule, and exp erimental predictions as to the time constants involved, dep ending on neuronal biophysical parameters. 1 Intro duction Hebbian plasticity, the ma jor learning paradigm in neuroscience, was until recently interpreted as learning by correlated neuronal It has recently received novel inter- pretation showing that changes in synaptic eÆcacies highly dep end