物流系统设计的选址模型说明.pptVIP

Facility location models for distribution system design;; The design of the distribution system is a strategic issue for almost every company. The problem of locating facilities and allocating customers covers the core topics of distribution system design. ; Industrial firms must locate fabrication(制造厂) and assembly plants(组装厂) as well as warehouses(仓库). Stores have to be located by retail outlets(零售网点). The ability to manufacture and market its products is dependent in part on the location of the facilities. Similarly, government agencies have to decide about the location of offices, schools, hospitals, fire stations, etc. In every case, the quality of the services depends on the location of the facilities in relation to other facilities.;Types of models;Facility location models can be broadly classified as follows:;;Models without capacity constraints do not restrict(限制) demand allocation. If capacity constraints for the potential sites have to be obeyed demand has to be allocated carefully. In the latter case we have to examine whether single-sourcing(单来源) or multiple-sourcing(多来源) is essential. ;Single-stage models(单阶段模型) focus on distribution systems covering only one stage explicitly. In multi-stage models(多阶段模型) the flow of goods comprising several hierarchical(层次) stages has to be examined. ;Single-product models(单产品模型) are characterized by the fact that demand, cost and capacity for several products can be aggregated to a single homogeneous product. If products are inhomogeneous their effect on the design of the distribution system has to be analyzed, viz. multi-product models(多产品模型) have to be studied. ; Location models base on the assumption that demand is inelastic(无弹性的), that is, demand is independent of spatial decisions. If demand is elastic(弹性的) the relationship between, e.g., distance and demand has to be taken into account explicitly. In the latter case cost minimization (成本最小)has to b