初高中衔接：句子成分结构梳理(修订版).pptVIP

句子成分 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补 足语、表语、同位语 句子成分 ◆主语 ◆谓语 ◆ 宾语 ◆ 定语◆状语 ◆补语 ◆ 表语◆同位语 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 ㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物（谁？什么？） Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 找出句中主语 1. The sun rises in the east.???? ??????????? 2. He likes dancing.????? ?????????????? 3. Twenty years is a short time in history. ? 4. Seeing is believing.??? ???????????????????????? 5. To see is to believe.?????????? ????????????????? 6. What he needs is a book. ???????? 7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 1. 名词，2. 代词，3. 数词，4. 动名词，5. 不定式，6. 主语从句，7. It形式主语 ㈡谓语（干什么？怎么样？）说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.（双宾语） He gave me some books. ↓ 间接 宾语 ↓ 直接 宾语 ●Please pass me the book. ●He bought me some flowers. ●I like my job. ●I love you. ●He wanted to leave here. ●They enjoyed playing computer games. （四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know betty’s sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. (形容词) (名词) (数词) (名词的所有格) (动名词) (现在分词) (过去分词) (副词) The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book. （五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 I will be back in a while.（时间） They are playing on the playground.（地点） He was late because he got up late.（原因） He got up so late that I mi