SCI写作必备语法专题一 冠词1.0.pdfVIP

SCI 写作必备语法专题一 冠词 冠词的一般用法： 1. 定冠词 (1) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如： I have bought a book. The book is very useful. Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. He, suddenly, saw an isolated house at the foot of the mountain. And curiosity made him approaching the house. Last weekend, I met a girl at the party given by my friend. And the girl happens to be one of my former schoolmates. (2) 用于指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。如： Close the window, please. Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. Be sure to bring me the book when you come next time. Do you know where the dictionary is? (3) 用于世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the universe, the Pacific Ocean 。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (4) 用于西洋乐器的名词前。如：play the piano ， play the violin, play the guitar 。 (5) 用于序数词或形容词/副词的最高级之前，比较级前若表示特指时也用定冠词 the 。 如：the first, the tallest ，the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two 。 Thanksgiving Day is on the 4th Thursday in November. Changjiang is the longest river in China. He is one the most famous football stars in the world. He is the taller of the two children. The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (6) 用于形容词和分词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。如：the sick, the living, the wounded. The rich are not always happier than the poor. We always stand for the oppressed and the exploited. The aged are well taken care of in the community. She was fond of writing about the unusual. The school for the deaf and the blind is just newly built. (7) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation, the Communist Party of China, the World Health Organization, the People's Republic of China, the United States of America, the Great Wall, the Great Cultural Revolution 。 (8) 用于江河、湖泊、群岛、海洋、海峡、海