汽车专业英语电子课件Unit 1.pptxVIP

Unit 1 The Basic Structure of an Automobile Today’s average automobile contains more than 15,000 separate parts that they must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipments. The layout of modern automobile is shown as Fig.1.1. Engine The engine supplies the power for the vehicle. Most automotive engines are located at the front of the vehicle and drive the wheels through a power train made up of gears, shafts, and other mechanical and hydraulic components. Most automotive vehicles are powered by a four-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine. The in-line four-cylinder engine and V-type six-cylinder engine are the most widely used, with V-8 engines are also common. Some passenger cars and trucks have diesel engines. Body The automobile body is the assembly of sheet-metal, plastic or composite material panels together with windows, doors, seats, upholstery and other parts. In older vehicle designs, the frame is a separate rigid structure; newer passenger-car designs have the frame and body structure combined into an integral unit. Suspension The suspension supports the weight of the vehicle, absorbs road shocks, transmits brake-reaction forces, helps maintain traction between the tires and the road. The springs may be coil, leaf, torsion bar, or air. Most automotive vehicles have coil springs at the front and either coil or leaf springs at the rear. Steering The steering system enables the driver to turn the front wheels left or right to control the direction of vehicle travel. Steering systems are classified as either manual steering or power steering, with power assist provided hydraulically or by an electric motor. Brake A brake is a device that uses a controlled force to reduce the speed or to stop a moving vehicle, or to hold the vehicle stationary. Transmission The transmission is the device in the power train that provides different forward gear ratios between the engine and drive wheels