淀山湖氮磷营养物长期变化规律及其对藻类增长影响研究 .docVIP

2008年第27卷第1期 Shanghai　　Environmental　　Sciences —9—　 淀山湖氮磷营养物长期变化规律及其对藻类增长影响研究 A　Study　on　the　Long-Term　Effect　of　Nutrients　(Nitrogen　and　Phosphorus on　Algal　Growth　in　Dianshan　Lake 程　　　　曦　　　(华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海　　　200062 Cheng Xi (State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062 李小平*　　　(上海市环境科学研究院,上海　　　200233 Li Xiaoping (Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233 摘要为深入认识淀山湖生态环境状况,从淀山湖　20a 　的监测数据和藻类增长潜力试验(AGP的试验结果入手,结合　20a 　 的遥感影像资料,采用时间序列分析法、方差分析、概率分布和箱线图等描述统计方法,分析了淀山湖氮磷营养物的长期变化规律及其对藻类演替和增长的影响。结果表明,从　1985　年第　1　次大规模藻类水华算起,经过　15a 　的营养物积累,在　1999~2000　年之间,淀山湖由中度富营养化湖泊逐渐转化为重度富营养化湖泊;1999　年之后淀山湖水体氮磷营养物大量聚集,叶绿素　a 　水平迅速提高,分别以　1999　年前速率的　2.25、6.67、3.40　倍上升,其中以磷的上升速率为最快;透明度则以平均每年递减　5cm 　的速度下降。藻类群落转化为以绿藻和蓝藻为主,藻类水华的频率为　1999　年前的　2~3　倍。当水体　TN 　浓度超过　3.5mg/L 　时,AGP 　试验不再有任何显著性反应。氮和铁可能共同限制藻类增长。研究证明,淀山湖已经具备暴发大规模、大面积蓝藻水华的条件,水体　TN 　浓度超过临界值(3.5mg/L的频次越多,淀山湖暴发蓝藻水华的可能性越大。 关键词:氮　　磷　　营养物　　铁　　水质　　富营养化　　藻类增长潜力试验　　淀山湖Abstract Two decade record of water quality, algal bioassay and remote sensing data of Dianshan Lake was analysed to determine a long-term effect of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus on the algal growth. Since the first algal bloom happened in 1985, through the nutrient accumulation for 15 years, Dianshan Lake has become hyper-eutrophication in the years 1999 to 2000. The nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus accumulating and chlorophyll a level rapidly rising after 1999 have shown their annual increases at rates of 2.25, 6.67 and 3.40-fold over that in the past 15 years, respectively, whilst the rise of phosphorus was the most. Transparency of the lake water dropped 5 centimetres annually on an average. Algal community has been transited to chlorophyte and cyanophyte as dominators since 1999, and the occurrence of algal bloom has been 2 to 3 times more compared to that before. When concentration of total nitrogen was over 3.5 mg/L in water column, algal growth potential (AGP test did not show any positive response