现在完成时课程(一).pptVIP

现在完成时 现在完成时的构成 过去分词的构成 现在完成时的主要用法 一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 现在完成时的主要用法 二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。 三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. 现在完成时的时间状语 ◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. ◆还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， since, for a long time等. ★ 一、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 He’s learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词） ★二、for＋一段时间 （two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （我们认识有二十年了。） I haven’t seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。） ★三、just, already, ever， recently，before, never是完成时态的时间状语，而just now /a moment ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。） Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？） Have you heard from your family recently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗？） 短暂性动词与时间段的关系 ●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry 等。 borrow → keep buy → have, arrive →be in/at die → be dead, stop → be over begin/start→ be on leave → be away (from…), come /go →be in /at, get married →be married join→ be in /a member of ●也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is … since从句（从句中用一般过去时）” 或用“一般过去时+ …ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。 电影开始五分钟了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 他入党五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago . ●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to … 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to… 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ --Where is she? --She