Preface序言-四川大学.pdf

Preface 序言 Microbial World around Us Chapter Objective: 1. How has Microbiology, as a subject, developed so far? 2. What may microbiology do for your career? And your life? Bacteria-what comes to your mind first?  Diseases: infections 传染?  Food Spoilage Microbiology in post-genome period  Most standard microbe strains have been sequenced  2011: Earth Microbiome Project (EMP)  全球最大微生物基因组研究项目, 华大基因  New challenge  Antibiotics resistance  Evolution of new viruses: HIV  Food-born disease  Bioremediation 传统抗生素耐药性 G. Taubes, Science. 2008, 321: 356-361 What is microorganism?  Microorganis  Tiny creatures not seen with unaided eye  Single or clusters, include non-cellular life forms (viruses and prions) Microorganisms - Microbes – Germs  Microbiology  Bio-: life; -ology: study of 1. Basic science: provides tools for probing the processes of life. 2. Applied science: deals with many important practical problems in medicine, agriculture, and industry. What is Life 生命是什么?  Hallmarks / Characteristics of Life 1. Metabolism 代谢 2. Growth 生长 3. Differentiation 分化 4. Co unication 交流 5. Movement 运动 6. Evolution 进化 Different from plant animal cells 1. Very small 微小  bacteria 0.5-5 μ 2. Highly diverse 形态多样  All kinds of morphology 3. Leading an independent living 独立生活 Diverse morphology of microorganisms A single plant or animal cell cannot have an independent existence. A single plant or animal cell cannot have an independent existence. Free-living cells Free-living cells: A single microbial cell can have an independent existence. Five Characteristics of Microbes