节能建筑和税收激励.ppt

Tax Incentives for Energy Efficiency in Buildings节能建筑的税收激励7-8 September 20042004年9月7-8日 by: David B. Goldstein, Ph.D. Energy Program Director NRDC, San Francisco, CA dgoldstein@ Contexts for This Talk主要内容 Energy efficiency codes have been the foundation of successful energy planning in many regions and nations. Efficiency incentive programs complement codes and increase savings. Tax incentives can promote more advanced technologies, but there is not much experience with them. Energy Codes and Standards Are One of the Most Important Policies for Energy Efficiency 能效标准是最重要的节能政策之一 Savings Exceed 6,000 MW in California today and 13,000 MW as of Year 2010 (Compared to About 45,000 MW of Total Electricity). 在美国加州，今天的能源节约超过6000兆瓦，到2010年将超过13000兆瓦（与大约45000兆瓦的总耗电量相比） Fuel Cost Savings Are at Least Twice the Cost of Efficiency. 燃料成本的节约至少是节能成本的两倍 Efficiency Programs Complement Energy Codes 能效项目配合能源标准 Programs can encourage compliance with the code by motivating designers. Programs can encourage production of efficient equipment locally. Programs can encourage early compliance with China’s new lighting code and efficiencies beyond the minimum in the code. Utility-Sponsored Incentive Programs can Greatly Increase Energy Savings电力部门激励项目可以大幅提高节能量 Tax Incentives for Energy Efficiency Could Greatly Increase Savings能效的税收激励可以大幅提高节能 Caution: Tax incentives seldom been used: this discussion is partly theoretical. But, evidence from utility programs implies that properly designed tax incentives can promote more advanced technologies and larger energy savings. Advantages of Tax Incentives: The Ability to Make Long-Term (~5-year) Commitments税收激励的优势: 制定长期(5年) 承诺的能力 Long-term commitments encourage investment in producing the highest global technologies, and developing even better ones. They also encourage professionals to invest in re-education to design higher efficiencies. Disadvantages of Tax Incentives: The Requirement to Make Long-Term (~5-years) Commitments