Lectureseven锦上添花四字句概要.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 Lecture seven锦上添花四字句 四句式 倒装 强调句型 虚拟语气 独立主格结构 倒装的概念 倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。 倒装句有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。 全部谓语动词都放在主语前； 谓语动词的一部分如助动词，情态动词或系动词提前。 写作中常用的全部倒装句型 1. 方位状语开头时，句子进行全部倒装 In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages. 正常语序： The greatest thoughts of all ages are embalmed in books. 2. 主语与表语互换位置 Well-known is that energy crisis poses a threat to human being. 3. 伴随状语with...或along with...放在句首时， With globalization have come many problems. 常用的部分倒装 1. not until 放在句首， Not until recently did we human being realise the seriousness of environment pollution. 2. 当“only+状语” 位于句首表示强调时用倒装， Only in this way can we address the problem of water scarcity. 3. 以否定意义状语开头， Under no circumstances should we replace teachers with computers. 强调句 强调句的概念 强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感，通过各种方式对句子的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。 1. do/does/did+V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. 2. 双重否定可表强调 Telecommuting is never without drawbacks. 3. what引导的主语从句可表强调 What really matters is sustainable development. 4. 比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to have access to education. 5. 强调句型可表强调，结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that+原句剩余部分 It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气把动作当做一种只存在讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”， 而不是当做客观现实中的真实条件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。例： I wish I were a white cloud. 虚拟语气 写作中常用的虚拟条件句分为以下三类： 1）与现在事实相反的情况； 2）与过去事实相反的情况； 3）推测将来的情况（也可以理解为与将来事实相反的情况） 通过下面这个小故事轻松学习虚拟语气。 故事人物：男主人公：郭靖 女主人公：黄蓉 与现在事实相反的情况 当黄蓉犹豫不决要不要嫁给郭靖时，被感动了的华筝愿意成全黄蓉。对黄蓉说： If I were you, I would marry Jing Guo. 与现在事实相反，华筝是华筝，黄蓉是黄蓉，华筝不可能是黄蓉。 与过去事实相反的情况 黄蓉和郭靖结婚后过得很幸福，但是有一天闹别扭，愤怒的黄蓉大声对郭靖说 ： --Are you still missing Hua Zheng? --No! --If you had married Hua Zheng 5 years ago, you would have been the emperors son-in-law. 推测将来的情况 欧阳克对黄蓉死缠不休，誓娶黄蓉为妻。这时黄蓉为了让欧阳克死心，说了句与将来事实相反的虚拟语气句。 If you were to be the last man in the world, I would not marry you. 虚拟条件句公式： ? 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反的假设 ?If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were) ?主语+should,would, might,could＋动词 原形 与过去相反的假设 ?If