冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应.pdfVIP

中国农业气象（Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology ） 2019 年 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.11.004 刘荣花,成林,胡程达.冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应[J].中国农业气象,2019,40(11):702-711 * 冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应* 刘荣花，成 林，胡程达 （中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室/河南省气象科学研究所，郑州 450003 ） 摘要：基于2015/2016 年、2016/2017 年两个年度冬小麦返青后干旱持续控制试验，研究土壤水分持续减少对 冬小麦叶片含水率、根系活力、气孔导度等的影响，以明确冬小麦根冠指标对干旱持续发展的响应特征。结 果表明：冬小麦不同器官含水率随干旱持续呈非线性递减，拔节后递减更明显，其中叶鞘含水率平均降幅最 大，达 41.9% 。叶片气体交换参数随干旱持续与对照的差异不断增大，其中净光合速率随干旱持续进一步减 小，叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率在返青期不同程度升高，拔节后开始不断下降，干旱持续时间越长，影响光合 作用的非气孔限制因素越明显。持续干旱改变了根系在深层土壤中的分布，60−80cm 土层根系体积百分率明 显高于对照，根系的生理机能提前衰减，拔节−孕穗期根系活力急剧下降，孕穗后根系活力比对照减少 60% 以上。整体来看，植株含水率、叶片气体交换参数、根系活力等指标对干旱持续的响应既各具特点又有共性， 其中根系活力对土壤水分变化的敏感系数最高，器官含水率对土壤水分变化响应最迟缓。 关键词：冬小麦；干旱持续；含水率；根系活力；敏感系数 Response of Root-Canopy Index of Winter Wheat on Persist Drought LIU Rong-hua, CHENG Lin, HU Cheng-da (CMA-Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique/Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou 450000, China) Abstract: In order to clarify the response characteristics of winter wheat root and canopy index to drought sustainable development, two years of drought persist experiments in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 after returning green stage of winter wheat were conducted, and the influence of soil moisture persistently reduction on leaf water content, root activity, stomatal conductance, etc. were studied. The results indicated that, under the condition of soil moisture reduced continuously, the water content in different organs of winter wheat decreased nonlinearly, and the decreasing rate was much more obviously after jointing, among them, the leaf sheath water content decreased