英语教学法教程9 Teaching Listening.ppt

Unit 9 Teaching Listening Why does listening seem so difficult for students? What do we listen to in everyday life? What are the characteristics of the listening process? What are the principles and models of teaching listening? What are the common activities in teaching listening? 9.1 Why does listening seem so difficult? Importance of listening Of the total time an individual is engaged in communication, approximately 9% is devoted to writing, 16% to reading, 30% to speaking, and 45% to listening (Rivers Temperley, 1978)==Listening should be given more attention in language teaching. 9.1.1 Problems in listening Goh (2000) listed some problems reported by learners when listening to an English text. Quickly forget what is heard. Do not recognize words they know. Understand the words but not the intended message. Neglect the next part when thinking about meaning. Unable to form a mental representation from words heard. Do not understand subsequent parts of input because of earlier problems. 9.1.2 Reasons for difficulty in listening Listening is often neglected in language teaching due to lack of teaching materials, lack of equipment in some schools, and lack of real-life situations where learners need to understand spoken English. Even if listening were not neglected, Different speakers produce the same sounds in different ways (dialects, accents, stresses, rhythms, intonations…); The listener has little or no control over the speed of the input of spoken material; Speech is likely to be distorted with background noise; … (pp. 136-137) 9.2 What do we listen to in everyday life? (Ur, 1996) Loudspeaker announcements Radio news Lesson, lecture Conversation, gossip Instructions Watching television Watching movies Telephone conversations Interview Shopping Story-telling Meetings Negotiations Theater show … 9.3 Characteristics of the listening process (Ur, 1996) Spontaneity Most of the time we listen to people speaking spontaneously and informally without rehearsing. Co