Chap相互依存性与贸易的好处].pptVIP

相互依存性和贸易的好处Interdependence and the Gains from Trade 第二讲 Class 2 相互依存性和贸易Interdependence and Trade 想一想你日常生活中某一天： Consider your typical day: 温州制造的闹钟把你吵醒。 You wake up to an alarm clock made in Wenzhou. 给自己倒上一杯用江西的桔子制作的橙汁 You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Jiangxi. 你穿上用新疆的棉花制造、在广东工厂缝纫而成的衣服You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Xinjiang and sewn in factories in Guangdong. 相互依存性和贸易Interdependence and Trade 经济学是研究社会如何生产并分配产品以试图满足其成员需求的。Remember, economics is the study of how societies produce and distribute goods in an attempt to satisfy the wants and needs of its members. 我们如何在全球经济中满足我们的需求？How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy? 我们可以在经济上自给自足。 We can be economically self-sufficient. 我们也可以进行专业化分工，同别人进行贸易，这就导致了经济上的相互依存性。 We can specialize and trade with others, leading to economic interdependence. 相互依存性和贸易Interdependence and Trade 一个一般性的观察… A general observation . . . 个人和国家借助专业化生产和贸易，将它作为解决资源稀缺问题的一种方法。Individuals and nations rely on specialized production and exchange as a way to address problems caused by scarcity. 相互依存性和贸易Interdependence and Trade 但是，这又产生了两个问题： But, this gives rise to two questions: 经济的相互依存性为什么是常态？ Why is interdependence the norm? 生产和贸易是由什么来决定的？ What determines production and trade? 相互依存性为什么是常态？Why is interdependence the norm? 相互依存性的发生是因为当人们进行专业化分工并同别人进行交易时，他们的处境变好了。 Interdependence occurs because people are better off when they specialize and trade with others. 什么决定了生产和贸易的模式？What determines the pattern of production and trade? 生产和贸易的模式是基于机会成本的差异。 Patterns of production and trade are based upon differences in opportunity costs. 一个现代经济的寓言A Parable for the Modern Eco