慢性支气管炎--慢性阻塞性肺疾病概述.ppt

* 慢性呼衰 COPD加重时，症状明显加重，发生低O2血症和高碳酸血症，同时有相应的临床表现 * 美国 ：1968~1998年30年间，冠心病、高血压脑卒中的死亡率分别下降了59%和64%，而COPD却增加了163%。 COPD因肺功能进行性减退，严重影响患者的劳动力和生活质量，造成巨大的社会和经济负担。 * COPD is a life-threatening lung disease that interferes with normal breathing – it is more than a “smoker’s cough”. More than 3 million people died of COPD in 2005, which is equal to 5% of all deaths globally that year. COPD is not curable, but treatment can slow the progress of the disease. In 2002 COPD was the fifth leading cause of death. WHO predicts that COPD will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. 近年来对我国7个地区20245名成年人进行调查,COPD患病率占40岁以上人群的8.2%。 heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) now being the chief causes of death globally, according to a new WHO report published today. * 我国于2002年也正式制定了中国的COPD指南。 * 气流受限疾病如囊性肺纤维化、DPB（弥漫性泛细支气管炎）不属于COPD * In COPD, irreversible damage causes the alveolar walls and supports to lose elasticity compared with the normal condition. The airways are partly collapsed and occluded, an effect made worse by reversible cholinergic constriction.1 As a result, deflation is slower, and so the alveolus only partly deflates over the course of an exhalation. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. 2001. /workshop/toc.html. Accessed: 14 November 2003. * COPD patients suffer from reduced expiratory flow. As a result, the lungs may not fully empty before the next breath begins. This is particularly likely if the patient has to breathe faster as a result of physical activity.1 Because the lungs do not fully empty, they become progressively over inflated with each breath. This process is known as air trapping, which leads to hyperinflation.1 Air trapping reduces the ability of the patient to breathe in, which causes the sensation of breathlessness that typifies the disease. ODonnell DE, We