biofilm细菌生物膜适用医学生.pptxVIP

“In a paper in Science in 1999, we said 65 percent of all diseases in the developed world are biofilms,” Costerton said. “Now the NIH says 80 percent. ”;on a contact lens;细菌生物膜广泛存在于自然环境中 Biofilm formation appears early in the fossil record (3.25 billion years ago) and is common throughout a diverse range of organisms in both the Archaea/ 单细胞生物 and Bacteria lineages. Biofilm formation represents a protected mode of growth that allows cells to survive in hostile environments and also disperse to colonize new niches.;回肠表面的细菌生物被膜;人体植入导管表面的细菌生物被膜;真菌生物膜;Biofilms can be harmful Catheters and prostheses (may lead to systemic infection) Dental disease （牙菌斑、口腔味道？） Otitis media/中耳炎, inflammatory bowel disease/IBD, prostatitis/前列腺炎, sinusitis/鼻窦炎, etc. ;生物膜与疾病（总结）;;细菌生物膜的基本性质;Biofilms — matrix-enclosed microbial accretions/逐渐生长/增加 that adhere to biological or non-biological surfaces. 古老：fossil record (3.25 billion years ago) Common：a diverse range of organisms Archaea/ 单细胞生物, bacteria，fungi Represents a protected mode of growth that allows cells to survive in hostile environments Can disperse to colonize new niches/ 可以释放出浮游细菌，生长迅速，是潜在感染因素;Biofilm 的形成过程- 体内过程;;Biofilm 的形成过程- 从菌落角度;;Nature Rev Micro 2010;化学组成 ? 水分（97%） ? 胞外大分子 ? 吸附的营养物质及代谢产物、细菌裂解物 ? 蛋白质、DNA ;生物膜的结构特点 成熟生物被膜模型 ? 由外到内依次为： 生物被膜层（bulk of biofilm） 连接层（linking film） 条件层（conditioning film） 基质层（substratum) ? 细菌被大量的胞外多糖包绕形成微菌落，各微菌落之间充满水通道,是细菌获取营养和排除代谢废物的通道。 ;All biofilms have a ‘matrix’ (EPS) to protect against the environment and hold colonies in place Different species, different biofilm development Mixes of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids ;;1、EPS的存在可以阻止抗生素作用- 细菌耐药性； 2、抗免疫清除：屏蔽作用使吞噬细胞和杀伤细胞及其所分泌的酶不能发挥作用； 3、细菌生活微环境改变：比如厌氧菌繁殖、H2S产生、pH改变（口臭、龋齿等） 4、Quorum sensing：参阅 , by Bonnie Basler (普林斯顿大学) ;;医疗器械表面、插入导管、植入医疗器具/hip replacement- 是医原性感染的主要原因之一 生物造成细菌对抗生素不敏感/耐药性 P. N. R. Nair (2006) International Endodontic Journal. On the c