近现代中国水产养殖业发展回顾与展望张福绥.pdfVIP

2003 6 世界科技研究与发展　 　 (, 266071) 　:本文较为系统地回顾了近现代我国淡、海水养殖业发展的历史, 重点总结了新 国成立以 来水产养殖业成功的理论与关键技术,分析了制约水产养殖业持续发展的种质、病害与环境等关键 问题,展望了新世纪我国水产养殖业发展的前景。新世纪我国水产养殖业的发展态势日趋明朗,即 朝着生态养殖和工程养殖两 个方向发展;其理论基础是运用现代生物学理论和生物与工程技术, 协 调养殖生物与养殖环境的关系,达到互为友好、持续高效;其总体目标是实现养殖生物良种化、养殖 技术生态工程化、养殖产品优质高值化和养殖环境洁净化, 最终实现水产养殖业的可持续发展。新 世纪我国水产养殖业发展对策是实施生态工程养殖战略,促进水产养殖业的健康发展;立足基础研 究,强化高新技术的应用;实施良种工程,不断推出养殖新良种;从平衡水域各产业的需求出发,调 整现有养殖区养殖结构、规模与布局;集成现代生物和工程技术, 实施陆地和潮上带工程化养殖;以 养殖生态学理论和现代工程技术为基础,大力发展浅海离岸设施渔业;从改善我国人口营养结构出 发,大力发展水产品加工业等。 :淡水养殖　海水养殖　种质　病害　养殖环境　现状与展望 ChinaAquaculture Industry Development in Modern Times and Contemporary Age:Status and Prospects Memebr of The CAE　Z ANGFusui (Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao266071) Abstract:This paper presents a systematic review of the develop ment history of mariculture and f reshwater aquiculture in modern China .The theories and key technologies contributing to the success of the aquaculture industry achieved in China since 1949 are summarized .Maj or problems i .e., disease, deterioration of germ p lasm and aquaculture environment, all of whichj eopardize sustain - able development of the aquaculture industry , are discussed, as are also the prospects of aquaculture develop ment in the 21st century .The two directions f or aquaculture development are ecological aquaculture and engineering aquaculture.F uture aquaculture is based on the imp lementation of modern biological theories and bio-technology to harmonize the relationship between cultured organ - ism and the culture environment and attain env ironmental sustainability .In p articular , the gener - al goal f or aquaculture develop ment is to realize genetic imp rovement of cultured