无损检测专业英语unit 2-Ultrasonic Testing.pptVIP

Unit 2 Ultrasonic Testing 第二单元 超声检测 Part 2 Nondestructive Testing Methods 第二部分 无损检测方法 2.1 Introduction At ultrasonic frequencies (above 20,000 Hz), sound energy can be formed into beams, similar to that of light, and thus can be scanned throughout a material, not unlike that of a flashlight used in a darkened room. 2.1 引言 当超声波的频率高于20000Hz，声能即形成类似于光的波束，但它又不同于暗室中的手电筒，而是可以进行材料整体的扫查。 2.2 Theory and Principles2.2.1 Types of Waves Waves that move in the same direction, or are parallel to their source are called longitudinal waves or compressional waves. Longitudinal sound waves are the easiest to produce and have the highest speed, however, it is possible to produce other types. 2.2 理论与原理2.2.1 波型 传播方向与波源的振动方向同向或平行的声波称为纵波或压缩波。纵波最容易产生，具有最快的传播速度，还可能转换成其他类型的声波。 2.2 Theory and Principles2.2.2 Reflection When ultrasonic waves encounter a discrete change in materials, as at the boundary of two dissimilar materials, they are usually partially reflected. If the incident waves are perpendicular to the material interface, the reflected waves are redirected back toward the source from which they came. 2.2 理论与原理2.2.2 反射 当超声波在材料内遇到不连续的变化，如两种相似材料的界面，通常会部分反射。如果入射波垂直于材料界面，反射波向与入射相反的方向传播。 2.2 Theory and Principle2.2.3 Refraction and Mode Conversion If the sound energy is partially transmitted beyond the interface, the transmitted wave may be (1) refracted (bent), depending on the relative acoustic velocities of the respective media, and/or (2) partially converted to a mode of propagation differernt from that of the incident wave. 2.2 理论与原理2.2.3 折射与波型转换 如果部分声能透过界面，透射的超声波会(1)发生折射，折射的程度取决于两种介质的声速；(2)部分声波转换成其他的波型。 2.2 Theory and Principles2.2.4 Critical angles The critical angles for the interface of two media with dissimilar acoustic wave velocities is the incident angle at which the refracted angle equals 90 degrees (in accordance with Snell’s law) and can only occur if the wave mode velocity in the second medium is greater than the wave velocity in the incident medium. 2.