无损检测专业英语unit 3-Radiographic Testing.pptVIP

Unit 3 Radiographic Testing 第三单元 射线检测 Part 2 Nondestructive Testing Methods 第二部分 无损检测方法 3.1 Introduction X-rays and gamma rays possess the capability of penetrating materials, even those that are opaque to light. In passing through matter, some of these rays are absorbed. The amount of absorption at any point is dependent upon the thickness and density of the matter at that point; therefore, the intensity of the rays emerging from the matter varies. When this variation is detected and recorded, usually on film, a means of seeing within the material is available. 3.1 引言 X射线和伽马射线具有穿透物质的能力，甚至能穿透不透明的物质。在穿透物质的时候，部分射线会被吸收。 在任何位置吸收的量取决于该处物质的厚度与密度；因此透过物质的射线的强度是随着位置的变化而变化的。当在胶片上检测并记录到这种变化时，就可以可看到材料的内部了。 3.2 Theory and Principles3.2.2 Characteristics of X- and Gamma Rays X-rays and Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation of exactly the same nature as light, but of much shorter wavelength. As they pass through matter they are scattered and absorbed and the degree of penetration depends on the kind of matter and the energy of the rays.? 3.2 理论与原理3.2.2 X射线和伽马射线的特性 X射线和伽马射线属于电磁波，具有与可见光一样的特性，只是波长要短很多。 当穿透物质时，射线被吸收和散射，射线穿透物质的能力取决于物质的种类以及射线的能量。 3.2 Theory and Principles3.2.5 Image consideration Radiographic sensitivity is dependant on the combined effects of two independent sets of variable. One set of variables affect the contrast and the other set of variable affect the definition of the image.? 3.2 理论与原理3.2.5 影像 射线检测的灵敏度取决于两组独立变量共同作用的结果。 一组变量影响影像的对比度，另一组影响影像的清晰度。 3.3 Testing System 3.3.1 X-ray Generators The tube cathode (filament) is heated with a low-voltage current of a few amps.? The filament heats up and the electrons in the wire become loosely held.? A large electrical potential is created between the cathode and the anode by the high-voltage generator.?Electrons that break free of the cathode are strongly attracted to the anode target.? The stream of electrons between the cathode and the anode is the tube current.? 阴极管(阴极灯丝)用几安培的低电压电流加热，加热后灯丝处的电子就