法国青少年足球训练实践与理念及其启示-2019年文档.docVIP

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法国青少年足球训练实践与理念及其启示-2019年文档.doc

法国青少年足球训练实践与理念及其启示   : The author studied French teenager football training practice and philosophy, and drew the following conclusions: the “five-step training method” is the core content of French teenager football training practice, it includes contesting warm-up, coordination training, scenario training, technique training and competition, in which all the other 4 parts except coordination training are connected progressively, and developed according to a training theme; the theoretical foundations of French teenager football training design are behaviorism theory and constructivism theory, and guided by such two theories, two training methods and three teaching modes are established to guide training practice, also to show its training philosophy; French teenager football training philosophy is to cultivate the players’ thinking ability and creativity in every aspect according to competition. The author put forward the followings: in order to improve Chinese teenager football performance, it is necessary to establish a new football philosophy with an international vision, to adjust football training course content structure, to focus on contesting training according to the theme, and to guide the players to learn to play the game and play football with their brains.   法国曾培养出齐达内、德尚、德约卡夫、亨利、特雷泽盖、本泽马等一大批世界级优秀足球球员。在2012年媒体评出的欧洲俱乐部青训水平排名中里昂、雷恩、索肖进入前10位,里昂位居巴塞罗那之后位列第二[1]。2012赛季里昂、雷恩、索肖、波尔多、摩纳哥等13家法国青训营,共为欧洲五大联赛输出255名球员[2]。正是由于法国青训的丰硕成果,使得法国在2016年欧锦赛U19的比赛中分别以5∶1大胜荷兰、3∶1力克葡萄牙、4∶0战胜意大利队获得冠军[3]。可以说,法国足球人才培养理念、模式、机制已经得到了世界的广泛认可[4]。青少年球员的训练效果决定着成年队伍的竞技能力,谁抓住青少年谁就拥有未来。法国足球获得成功的关键因素在于有效训练对青少年足球能力的培养。作为2016年赴法学习的足球教练员,我深感有责任对法国青少年足球训练实践和理念进行认真梳理和研究,一能丰富国内法国足球训练文献;二能为我国足球青少年训练提供参考。   1 法国青少年足球训练实践   1.1 训练实践内容   法国原有的足球训练课上,第1部分是跑步热身和拉伸、第2部分是技术练习、第3部分是战术练习、最后是对抗性比赛。这种训练安排过多采用分解、分项练习,难以使训练接近真实比赛的要求,而且在训练过程中教练员大多采用指令性教学方法,很少启发球员自己去思考。21世纪初,法国足球总结西班牙等国的青训经验,针对上述问题进行改进,在新的训练要求中更加注重对抗性训练,并努力提高球员思考和解决问题的能力。法国足协通过每两年一次的足球教练?T培训,要求每位教练员在组织青少年训练时必须运用以下5步训练内容。   1)五步训练法。   (1)对抗

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