城市空气质量管理.pptxVIP

;The Causes of Air Pollution 大气污染的产生原因 Multi-sectoral, involving energy, transport, urban planning, environment, and other sectors Complex，related to development level, technology, regulatory framework, institutional setting, enforcement capability, and public awareness;;Market failure – the free market does not lead to optimal allocation of resources and produce optimal welfare. 市场机制不能导致资源的有效配置，无法实现社会最优。 Main causes 市场失灵的主要原因： Externalities (pollution) 外部性 Lack of ownership 产权不明、无市场 Insufficient information 信息不对称 Monopoly 垄断 Therefore, policy interventions are necessary 因此，需要政府的政策干预。;Many