计算机专业英语第三版unit1.pptVIP

计算机专业英语（第3版） 计算机专业英语（第3版） 卜艳萍主编 电子工业出版社 2009年 内 容 简 介 本书共分6个单元，第1单元介绍计算机硬件基础，分别讲述处理器、存储器和输入/输出技术。第2单元是计算机软件知识部分，内容有C语言、数据结构、操作系统、编译原理及数据库技术。第3单元是多媒体及应用方面的知识，包括多媒体、图形图像、CAD、计算机动画和多媒体应用软件。第4单元是计算机网络相关知识介绍，包括计算机网络基础、互联网搜索引擎、无线网络技术及网络安全。第5单元讲述电子商务方面的内容，有电子商务基础、EDI和网络广告。第6单元是计算机领域新技术介绍，包括人工智能、虚拟现实和神经网络。 Unit 1 Hardware Basics 1.1 Central Processing Unit 1.2 Memory 1.3 Input / Output Systems 1.1 Central Processing Unit The CPU is the heart of the computer system. It is responsible for performing all arithmetic operations and logic decisions initiated by the program. The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer. It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. Block diagram of a digital computer Three basic capabilities of computers First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The control unit The control unit is the functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system. The control unit fetches instructions from memory and determines their type or decodes them. It then breaks each instruction into a series of simple small steps or actions. By doing this, it controls the step-by-step operation of the entire computer system. The Arithmetic / Logic Unit Data are brought into the ALU by the control unit, and the ALU performs whatever arithmetic or logic operations are required to help carry out the instructions. Arithmetic operations include adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. Logic operations make a comparison and take action based on the results. Registers A register is a storage location inside the processor. Registers in the CPU are used to store the current instruction, the location of the next instruction to b