三.冠词(高考总复习)高三笔记整理.docVIP

三．冠词 1.不定冠词的基本用法 a.泛指一个 there is a football under the table. b.指人或事物的某一种类。 His father us a driver. c.指某一个人或物，但不具体说明。 My sister was saved by a man in the fire. d.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前，表示“每一”。 We have meals three times a day. e.表数量，相当于one。 Thereis pen and two books on the desk. f.固定搭配。 In a word. g.“a/an+序数词”表“又一，再一”。 Can give me a second chance,please? 2.定冠词的基本用法 a.表示上文提到过的人或事物。 Ihave bought a book. The book is very useful. b.用于说话人和听话人都明确知道的人或事物。 Close the window please. c.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 The sun. the moon. The earth. The world. d.用于表示方位的名词前。 The east. The right. e.用于序数词或形容词最高级之前，以及对两人或物进行比较时起限制作用的比较级前。 The first. The second. The tallest. The most important. The taller of the two boys. f.用于形容词或过去分词之前，使其名词化。 The young. The wounded g.用于某些专有名词之前。 theUnited States. h.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。theChangjiang river i.用于复数姓氏之前，表示夫妇或全家。 The smiths j.用于西洋乐器、发明物、年代名词前。 Play the piano/violin . the compass was invented in China. In the 1970s. k.用于固定词组中。 In the morning/afternoon/evening, one the other side, at the same time 三、不定冠词和定冠词的转化 a.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词（sun, sky, word, moon等）前面一般用定冠词，但起前面有描绘性修饰语时，用不定冠词。 b.“a/an+比较级”表示（众多人或事物中）比…更…的一个，属于泛指。“the+比较级”表示两者中较为…的一个。“a most+adj.”表示很…,非常… This one is too small. Can you give me s larger one? Tom is the older of the two boys. Part one is a most difficult part but not the most difficult. c.表示顺序是用“the+序数词”；表示“又一，再一”时，用“a/an+序数词” I have two books. I want to buy a third one. We have finished the first lesson, and now we will learn the second. d.不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。有限定性的定语时（即表示某一年的某个季节时），应该用定冠词。表示某一个星期几时用不定冠词 the walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch. He joined the army in the spring of 1988. We had a very hot summer last year. I happened to meet my classmate Jack on Wednesday. 四．零冠词 a.表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词，在句中作主补、宾补、表语、同位语时不加冠词。 Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip. b.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前常不用冠词。 c.表示学科、球类、棋类、语言名称、季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不用冠词。On Friday, in summer 注：前面有描绘性形容词时，加不定冠词 名词与冠词练习题 1.(201