初中英语现在完成时用法归纳.docxVIP

优胜教育 现在完成时 1、用法：① 用于表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。→强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 “ever/never/already/yet/just”连用。如：She has gone to Shanghai. She is not here. ② 用于表示“过去开始的动作一直持续到现在”。→强调动作的持续性，常与“for/since+时间”连用。 如： I have lived in Kunming for ten years. 时态标志词：for/since+时间，just，never，ever，already，yet，before，so far，in the past/last few years 等。 常考易错点： （1）辨析 have gone to，have been to 与 have been in have/has gone to：“已经去了某地（去而未归）”→去了某地还没回来，常用来回答 where 开头的问句 have/has been to：“曾经去过某地（去而已归）”→去过某地但已回来，常与 ever/never/次数(two/many times)连用。 have/has been in：“在某地待了(多长时间)”，常与 “for/since+时间” 连用。 ① He is not here. He has gone to Beijing. ③ He has been in Beijing for 20 years. （2） 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：  ② He has been to Beijing for many times. 时态类别 用途 构成 时态标志 例句 一般过去时 强调动作发生在过 去(但不强调对现在 造成的影响)。 动词用过去式 表“过去时间”的词或短语: yesterday, last night, two days ago， just now，in 2010 I lost my English book yesterday. 现在完成时 强调过去发生的动 作对现在造成的影 响 have/has +过去分词 already，yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice，for three years，since 9:00，since+从 句 I have lost my English book. I can’t find it now. (过去把书 弄丢，现在找不到了。强调过 去发生的动作对现在造成的影 响) already 与 yet：肯定句用 already，否定句和问句用 yet. for 与 since：for+时间段 (多少分钟/小时/天/周/月/年，如：two weeks/five years 等) since+时间点 (某天/周/月/年，如：last week/2016 等) since +时间段+ago，如：since two weeks ago=for two weeks since+从句（从句动词用过去式） 常见句式：现完+since+过去式 （5） 短暂(动词)变延续 句中有“for+时间/how long”用现在完成时且短暂性动词需转换为 have/has been 格式，如： die → have/has been dead marry → have/has been married leave → have/has been away 特殊 ①. borrow/lend → have kept (保管)  begin/start → have/has been on join → have/has been in 口诀：有 for+时间用 have/has been ②. buy → have had(拥有) 比较：I borrowed a book a week ago. I have kept the book for a week. I bought a car last year. I have had the car for a year.