什么是精神障碍.pdfVIP

什么是精神障碍 【摘 要】目的：精神障碍一直没有一个合理的、确定的定义，心理学家已经给出的定 义或者不能涵盖所有的精神障碍，或者不能将精神障碍与非精神障碍的心理、行为相区别。 希望给出一个合理的精神障碍的描述性定义。方法：对与什么是精神障碍有关的问题进行深 入讨论，寻找病态心理、行为的独有特征，并基于这些特征确定精神障碍的定义。结果：给 出的描述性定义能够涵盖脑病、躯体疾病和物质不适当使用引起的以及心理学原因引起的精 神障碍，并且能将精神障碍与正常的心理、行为以及违反习俗、道德、制度、法律的心理、 行为相区别。 【关键词】精神障碍；异常；有害；缘由；描述性定义 中图分类号：B846 ；R749 What Is a Mental Disorder 【Abstract 】Objective: There is still no reasonable and definite definition of mental disorders. The definition that psychologists have given cannot cover all mental disorders or distinguish the psychology and behaviors of mental disorders from those of the non-mental disorders. It is hoped to propose a reasonable descriptive definition. Method: The issues related to what is a mental disorder will be discussed seriously, to find out the unique characteristics of the morbid psychology and behaviors and determine the definition of mental disorders based on these characteristics. Results: The descriptive definition given can cover the mental disorders that are caused by brain disease, physical disease, inappropriate use of substances and psychological factors and also distinguish the mental disorders from the normal psychology and behaviors and the psychology and behaviors that are in violation of customs, ethics, institutions and laws. 【Key words 】mental disorder; abnormality; harmfulness; reason; descriptive definition 1 引言 心理学家为精神障碍（mental disorders ）下过各式各样的定义，但是到目前为止，尚没 有哪一个定义能准确地涵盖所有的精神障碍，并将精神障碍与正常的心理、行为以及违反习 俗、道德、制度和法律（后文将此四项简称为社会规则）的心理、行为相区别。专门针对此