中国国债市场发展历程与经验介绍A Brief Introduction to China’s Domestic Government Bond Market 财政部国库司副司长: 周成跃 Zhou Chengyue Deputy Director-General ,Treasury Department, MOF,PRC 2005年4月27日 April 27, 2005 中国国债市场发展历程与经验介绍A Brief Introduction to China’s Domestic Government Bond Market 一、中国国债市场发展历程 (Development Experience in Government Bond Market ) 第一阶段(the first period):1981-1987年 第二阶段(the second period) :1988-1996年 第三阶段(the third period) :1997-2005年 二、中国国债市场发展经验与展望 (Prospect of China’s Government Bond Market) 中国国债市场发展历程1981-1987年:中国国债市场的萌芽阶段Experience from 1981 to 1987 这一阶段的主要特征包括: (1)没有一级市场和二级市场,国债发行采用行政分配方式,发行之后不能流通转让。 (2)国债以收据和实物为载体。 (3)国债品种为到期一次性还本付息国债,即零息国债。 (4)国债期限前长后短,利率前低后高,体现出一定的市场化因素。 During this period: (1) Bond issuance was by Administrative allocation, and bond couldn’t be transferred or traded. (2)Type structure: Physical bond was the only type . (3)All bonds were Zero Coupon bonds . (4)applied Some market method to bond issuance. 第二阶段:1988-1996年由场外市场为主到场内市场为主(一) Experience from 1988 to 1996 这一阶段主要特征有: 发行市场初步形成,发行方式逐步由柜台销售、承购包销过渡到公开招标。 二级市场逐步形成,逐步由场外市场为主向场内集中交易转变。 国债期限基本上以3年期和5年期为主。 宏观经济形势对于国债发行的难易和二级市场能否正常运行,具有很强的制约作用。 During this period : Primary market appeared, issuing method was upgraded from underwriting to competitive bidding. Secondary market was established, most trade was at Stock Exchange. Term structure: mainly 3-year and 5-year bonds. Correlation between Bond market and Macro economic situation was becoming more and more obvious. 1988年:尝试通过柜台销售方式发行国债,开始国债流通转让试点,国债发行市场和二级市场初具雏形。 1989年,通过柜台销售方式首次发行保值公债。 1990年12月,上海证券交易所开业,标志着交易所国债市场的建立。 1991年开始采用承购包销方式发行国债。 1991年初国债流通转让业务扩大到除西藏以外的全国所有地市级以上城市。 1991年底,北京证券交易中心首次开办国债回购业务。 In 1988:issued bonds through bank’s counter. treasury bond secondary market was established. In 1989, issued inflation-proof bonds for the first time. In December of 1990, Shanghai Stock Exchange was open, marking the setting-up of the b
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