局部解剖学胸部(Thorax).pptxVIP

;Contents;Ⅰ. Summarization ;Summarization ;;Jugular notch 颈静脉切迹 Sternal angle (of Louis) 胸骨角 Xiphoid process剑突 Costal margin (costal arch) 肋弓 Infrasternal angle 胸骨下角 Clavicle 锁骨 Inferior angle of scapula 肩胛骨下角 Nipple 乳头;;;;;Ⅱ. Thoracic wall;Thoracic wall;Skin Superficial fascia Thoracoepigastric v. Supraclavicular n. Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal n.;The segmental innervation of anterior surface of trunk;Lymphatic drainage of breast;2. Deep structures;The muscles of thoracic wall ;Intercostales externi Origin: lower border of rib) Insertion: upper border of rib below origin Action: elevate ribs adding in forced inspiration Replaced anteriorly by external intercostals membrane. Intercostales interni Origin: upper border of rib Insertion: lower border of rib above origin Action: depress ribs for forced expiration Replaced posteriorly by internal intercostals membrane.;Diaphragm 膈; Openings in the diaphragm Aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔－lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between the crura. It transmits the aorta, thoracic duct Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔－for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10. Vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔－for inferior vena cava, through central tendon at T8 level;Action: Contraction: the dome moving downward, increases the volume of thoracic cavity which results in inspiration, at the same time the intra-abdominal pressure is increased assists in defecation, vomiting or child birth. Relaxation: the dome returns to the former position, reduces the volume to the thoracic cavity, resulting in expiration.;The blood vessels and nerves of thoracic wall;Anterior branches of thoracic nerves;Internal thoracic vessels Internal thoracic a.v. 胸廓内动脉和静脉 Parasternal ln. 胸骨旁淋巴结 Endothoracic fascia 胸内筋膜 ;Internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉 －descends into thorax 1.2cm lateral to edge of sternum, and ends at the sixth costal cartilage by dividing musculophrenic （肌膈动脉 ）and superior epigastri