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Cooperative principle
--Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.
Here are some examples of two maxims of cooperative principle.
The Maxim of Quantity
Make your contribution as informative as required. (for the current purpose of the exchange)
Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
English example 1:
Mike Stamford: I heard you were abroad somewhere getting shot at. What happened?
JW: I got shot. Are you still at Barts then?
Mike Stamford: Teaching now, yeah, bright young things like we used to be. God, I hate them.
Explanation:
When john Watson met his old friend mike Stamford, mike asked Watson what happened to him because he heard that Watson has been shot in the war. But Watson answered he got shot. Since Mike has already known this fact, Watson has violated the maxim of quantity. He didn’t provide enough information. His answer actually implied that he didn’t want to talk about this unfortunate accident.
Mike told john that he was teaching. Here mike violates the maxim of manner. He told john his students were like bright young man they used to be, which led us to have a feeling that he must like those students according to our common sense. When teachers find students like themselves, they normally will like them for a feeling of nostalgia and understanding. However, we found that he actually hated his students according to the sentence he said later.
English example 2:
Mike Stamford: John! John Watson! Stamford, Mike Stamford. We were at Brats together.
JW: Yes, sorry, yes, Mike, hello.
Mike Stamford: Yes, I know, I got fat.
JW: No, no.
Explanation:
When mike Stamford and john Watson met, Mike recognized Watson first according to the conversation. But Watson didn’t recognize Mike according to his answer. He said:” Yes, sorry.” This shows that he doesn’t know the person who was talking to
Him, but he was
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