unit2 i27ll help to clean up the city parks.短语及综合测试题.pdfVIP

Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一．短语动词 (verb phrases) 1. 现代英语 ，动词之后加介词或副词构成短语，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。短语动词如 果被拆开，则不能表达这种特定的含义。同学们在学习过程 ，要把这些习惯用法看作一个整体。如： look 看 look for 寻找、寻求 look after 照顾、照看 look out 小心、注意 在这个例子 ，我们 清楚的看到，look 的后面加上不同的介词或副词，意义截然不同。因此，对于短语动词，我们要善 于积累、巩固。 2. 动词短语的构成： （1）动词+副词（宾语是代词时，只能放在中间；宾语是名词时，既可以放在中间，也可以放在后 面。）常见的有：put up , call up , set up, fix up, get up, look up, make up ,pick up ,take up ,clean up ,cheer up ,put on ,turn on ,take off, turn off, put off, give out ,work out , find out, give away ,run away 等。 （2 ）动词+介词 （必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：look after, look for ,look at ,break into , think of ,laugh at, listen to , arrive at 等 （3 ）动词+副词+介词 （必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：look down upon , look forward to, come up with 等 (4)动词+名词+介词 （必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：take care of ,pay attention to ,have a look at 等 (5) be +形容词+介词（ 必带宾语，宾语只能放在后面。）常见的有：be fond of ,be used to , be good at , be angry with , be afraid of , be strict with 等 二 动词不定式用法小结 1. 做宾语。常跟在动词 begin, want, remember, forget, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, refuse, expect, need, hope, wish, seem, promise, plan, volunteer 或短语 would like, can’t wait 后作宾语。 Do you agree to go there by air? All of us wants ______ (get) good grades. He needs _____ (take) breaks away from the TV. 2. 作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，构成 “v.+ sb. / sth. +to do”结 构 ：此类动词常见的有：tell, ask, want (would like), like, invite, help, expect, wish, advise, allow 等。 eg : Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him to give up smoking. 甚至托尼的孙女 一个五岁的小女孩叫她戒烟。 3. 作状语。 (1) 目的状语. To catch the early bus, I got up at 5:00.为了赶上早班车，我早晨五点就起床了。 (2) 原因状语.用在某些表示人的心情(喜、怒、哀、乐等) 的形容词后表原因， 如：happy, glad, pleased, sad, sorry, sure 等。I’m sad to hear that.听到那件事后我很伤心。 4. 作后置定语。常放在名词或不定代词之后。 (1)This is a good place to take a vacation.这是一个度假的好地方。 (2)I need something to drink， I am so thirsty.我需要一些喝的东西，我是如此的渴。 （3 ）I need