华东师范大学跨文化交际复习.docVIP

跨文化交际复习 Definition Matching Definition Culture (Page 11): The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively(From Intellectual Perspective) The customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people(From Anthropologic Perspective) Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks(From Social Perspective) The collective programing of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another; “software of the mind”(From Psychological Perspective) Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people. Communication (Page 31): Communication focuses on how people use messages to generate meaning within and across all kinds of contexts, cultures, channels and media. Intercultural Communication (Page 44): Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from different cultures. High-context Cultures (Page 37): Including much of the Middle East, Asia, Africa and South America. People in these cultures emphasize interpersonal relationships. Collectivist. Words are not so important as context, which might include the speaker’s tone of voice, facial expression, gestures, posture. One word may have ten words’ meanings. Low-context Cultures (Page 37): Including North America and much of Western Europe. People from these cultures value logic, facts, and directness. Decisions are based on fact rather than intuition. All communicators are expected to be straightforward, concise, and efficient in telling what action is expected. Stereotype (Page 47): A stereotype emerges when a blanket perception is applied to an entire group of people. (以偏概全，例如以对一个中国人的印象来判断对所有中国人的印象) Ethnocentrism (Page 52): Ethnocentrism refers to the idea that one’s own culture is the center of everything, and all other groups (or cultures) are scaled and rated with reference to it. Kinesics (Page 146): Kinesics re