现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词.docVIP

现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词 1. 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词（短暂性动词或瞬间动词）。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: ⑴ for+一段时间，如: for 2 years; ⑵ since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点，如 since last year, since 5 days ago。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的for短语，since短语或从句连用。也不能与表示时间段的how long引起的疑问句连用。 例如：(1) I have bought the book for 2 weeks. ( x ) I have bought the book. (√) I have bought the book since two weeks ago. ( x ) I have bought the book two weeks ago. ( x ) I have had the book for two weeks. (√) (2) The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is/has been 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died. 2. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换： (1) go (to)/ come (to)/arrive/get to/reach/move---be in/at become---be return/go back/come back---be back 例如：He arrived in Beijing ten minutes ago. = He has been in Beijing for ten minutes. My sister became an engineer in 2005. = My sister has been an engineer since 2005. They went to Shanghai yesterday. = They have been in Shanghai since yesterday/for one day. (2) open---be open close---be closed die----be dead marry---be married get married---be married leave--- be away finish/end---be over begin/start---be on go to sleep/fall asleep--- be asleep fall ill---be ill get up---be up sit down---be seated go to school --- be a student 例如：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. The film began ten minutes ago. = The film has been on since ten minutes ago. (3) buy---have borrow/lend---keep/have catch a cold---have a cold put on---wear get to know---know begin to study---study 例如：She bought this book last year. = She has had this book since last year. (4) join--- be in/ be a member of…+the 组织机构/be a组织机构 member join the Party =be in the Party=be a Party member=be a member of the Party Join the army=be in the army=be a solider 参军 He joined the Leag