BGP路由协议-CISCO设备.pptVIP

三.bgp同步的解决方案 3.bgp联盟:AS内部的所有路由器都运行bgp,把一个原始的AS基于网络拓扑划分为若干个sub-AS(又称联盟AS),联盟AS之间的bgp邻居叫做联盟ebgp,不需要full mesh bgp会话;在每个联盟AS内部运full mesh ibgp或者hub and spoke反射器,然后就可以关闭所有路由器的bgp同步功能. 结论:bgp联盟结合路由反射器的方式,较好的解决了bgp的同步规则带来的需求,是最为有效的解决方案. Bgp联盟命令： bgp confederation identifier 1200 Bgp confederation peers 65533 65535 bgp联盟拓扑示意图: BGP联盟拓扑示意图: BGP路由协议 BGP Autonomous Systems An AS is a collection of networks under a single technical administration.(自治系统经典定义:在单一技术下管理下,采用同一种内部网关协议和统一度量值在AS内转发数据包,并采用一种外部协议将数据包转发到其他AS的一组路由器.) IGPs operate within an AS. BGP is used between Autonomous Systems. Exchange of loop-free routing information is guaranteed.(BGP的主要目标是提供一种能够保证自治系统间无环路的路由选择信息交换的域间路由系统.) BGP Characteristics (特征) BGP is a distance-vector protocol with the following enhancements: Reliable updates: BGP runs on top of TCP (port 179;可靠通信.) Incremental, triggered updates only(增量更新,触发更新) Periodic keepalive messages to verify TCP connectivity(周期性通过keepalive包发送消息.) Rich metrics (called path vectors or attributes,丰富的计量值,一一比较,BGP中称为属性;类似于IGP中的开销值.) Designed to scale to huge internetworks (e.g., the Internet;专门为大型互联网络而设计.) 支持VLSM可变长子网掩码。 BGP Databases(数据表) Neighbor table List of BGP neighbors(BGP对等体,邻居,交换路径信息,与RIP类似.) 可以直连可以不直连. 邻居关系建立在TCP连接之上. BGP forwarding table/database List of all networks learned from each neighbor Can contain multiple pathways to destination networks Database contains BGP attributes for each pathway IP routing table List of best paths to destination networks(列出了到目标网络的最佳路径) BGP表 运行BGP的路由器保存着一个独立于IP路由表的BGP表. SHOW IP BGP BGP table version is 23, local router ID is 192.168.1.49 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i - internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path * 10.0.0.0 10.1.1.100 0 0 65200 i * 172.16.10.0/24 10.1.1.100 0 0 65200 i BGP Message Types BGP defines the following message types: Op