高二——主语从句讲解加试题,精心制作.doc

高二——主语从句讲解加试题,精心制作! ★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供 主语从句 复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词、连接代词、连接副词。 从属连词：that，whether。 连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,whoever,what,whatever,whichever。 连接副词：where,how,why,when。 一、连接词的选用 1. 由what和that引导的主语从句what和that都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外,还在主语从句中充当某些成分(主语、宾语或表语)。而that在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用。例如: What he wants is a new bicycle. 2. 由whether引导的主语从句含有"是否"意思的主语从句,连接词不能用if,只能用whether。例如: Whether we will hold a party in the open air next week is uncertain. 3. 由其他连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句who, which, when, where, why, how等连接代词和连接副词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。例如: Who she is doesn’t concern me. Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours. Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 4. whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中）????whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如: Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. Whoever（No matter who）wants to enter into this school, he must take the exam. 二、形式主语it构成的主语从句 1. 由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下可以用形式主语it代替,即将it放在句首,而将主语从句放在句末,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如: It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是大家共有的经验。 需要注意的是,it作形式主语时,要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较: ①It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack last year. ②As was reported, no country was under the terrorist attack last year. 句意:据报道,去年没有国家遭到恐怖分子的袭击。 分析:上述两个句子句意相同,但结构不同。前一个句子包括一个主语从句"that no country was under the terrorist attack last year"；后一个句子包括一个非限定性定语从句"As was reported",其中as指代整个主句内容。 2. 由连接代词、连接副词和连词whether引起的主语从句常可用先行词it作主语,而把主语从句放到后面去。例如: How many people we are to invite is still a question. →It is still a question how many people we are to invite. 我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。 When we arrive doesn’t matter. →It doesn’t matter when we arrive. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. →It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or goo