核酸领域的诺贝尔奖.docVIP

Noble Price on Nucleic Acid Repor ter : 2016-3-9 Main Content 1959 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine ? Arthur Kornberg、Severo Ochoa de Albornoz ? Biosynthesis of the nucleic acids 2006 Noble Prize in Chemistry ? Roger David Kornberg ? The molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription 2006 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine ? Andrew Fire、Craig C. Mello ? RNA inference 1959 Biosynthesis of the Nucleic Acids Background DNA was proved to be the genetic material Crick and Watson established the double helix structure of DNA Main Work and Significant Ochoa identified RNA polymerase and Arthur Kornberg identified DNA polymerase in the intestinal bacterium E coli. The production of new DNA strands showed how a single strand of DNA forms new strands of nucleotides, and proved the double helix structure of DNA. The discovery of transcription contributes to the cognition of genetic information transferring. Lay a solid foundation of molecular biology. Lay a solid foundation of molecular biology. 2006 The molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription Roger David Kornberg . Born：April 24, 1947 (age 69)， United States . Fields： Structural biology . Main work：The Molecular Basis of Eukaryotic Transcription The Contribution of Roger D. Kornberg Nucleosome The basic unit of DNA coiling in eukaryote chromosomes. X-ray studies and protein chemistry revealed the wrapping of DNA around a set of eight histone molecules in the nucleosome. The schematic representation shows the coiling of DNA around a set of eight histones in the nucleosome, the further coiling in condensed (transcriptionally inactive) chromatin, and uncoiling for interaction with the RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription machinery. The Contribution of Roger D. Kornberg Mediator Pol II is responsible for all messenger RNA synthesis in eukaryotes. The system of pol II machinery comprise six proteins: pol II and a set of five general transcription factors known as TFIIB, -D, - E, -F, and -H. However, the Mediator is no