Air Pollution and Climate Change大气污染与气候变化.pptVIP

Key Concepts Air Pollution Climate Change Air Pollution Glossary atmosphere (大气) Whole mass of air surrounding the earth. smog (烟雾) Originally a combination of smoke and fog but now used to describe other mixtures of pollutants in the atmosphere. See industrial smog, photochemical smog. Glossary industrial smog (工业烟雾) Type of air pollution consisting mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫), suspended droplets(悬浮液滴) of sulfuric acid (硫酸)formed from some of the sulfur dioxide, and a variety of suspended solid particles. Compare photochemical smog. photochemical smog (光化学烟雾) Complex mixture of air pollutants produced in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物)and nitrogen oxides(氮氧化物) under the influence of sunlight. Especially harmful components include ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), and various aldehydes (醛 ). Compare industrial smog. Glossary acid deposition (酸沉降) The falling of acids and acid-forming Compounds(酸形成的化合物) from the atmosphere to the earths surface. Acid deposition is commonly known as acid rain, a term that refers only to wet deposition of droplets (水滴)of acids and acid-forming compounds. The Atmosphere(大气) Glossary troposphere (对流层) Innermost layer of the atmosphere. It contains about 75% of the mass of earths air and extends about 17 kilometers (11 miles) above sea level. Compare stratosphere. stratosphere (平流层) Second layer of the atmosphere, extending about 17-48 kilometers (11-30 miles) above the earth‘s surface. It contains small amounts of gaseous ozone (O3), which filters out about 95% of the incoming harmful ultraviolet (UV)(紫外线) radiation emitted by the sun. Compare troposphere. Outdoor Air Pollution Glossary primary pollutant (主要污染物) Chemical that has been added directly to the air by natural events or human activities and occurs in a harmful concentration. Compare secondary pollutant. secondary pollutant (次要污染物) Harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere when a primary air pol