荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛IliadandOdyssey课堂.ppt

1 Iliad Odyssey 2 Outline ? Homer in Ancient Greece ? Themes and Persons ? Illiad ? Odyssey ? Closing Thoughts 3 Homer in Ancient Greece ? Earliest Greek Literature – Written c. 750 BCE from oral trad. (c. 1200 BCE) – Recited by Rhapsodes – Epic = dactylic hexameter or long poem on war/myth ? Cultural Importance for Greeks – Taken as History – Hellenic Unity – Educational Texts 4 Some Themes ? Glories of War/Adventure – Reasons for War – Realistic Descriptions ? Ideals of Heroism – Areté , timé , and kleos – Fate Courage – “shame culture” ? Others – Gods Humans – Individual vs. Society – Word vs. Deed 5 Greece and Trojan War 6 Areté Excellence, virtue, or what makes and individual the best or among the best; usually some combination of physical prowess persuasive speech or command. Timé Honor, material symbol of status among others, usually capable of being taken away (prize, booty, trophies). Kleos Glory or Fame, understood as public opinion, or what others say or remember. 7 Persons in the Iliad ? Acheans – Achilles Patrocles – Agamemnon Menalaos – Odysseus, Ajax, Phoenix ? Trojans – Hector Alexandros – Priam, Helen, Andromache ? Gods – Zeus, Apollo, Aphrodite – Athena, Hera, Thetis 8 Iliad (Book I) ? Wrath of Achilles, Part I – In medias res : Trojan War Plague of Apollo – Menis: Quarrel with Agamemnon ? Consequences – Thetis Supplication of Zeus – Glimpse of Olympus ? Is Achilles anger his own fault? 9 Thetis supplicant to Zeus 10 Iliad ( Book VI) ? Behind the Walls of Troy – Hector as Tragic Hero – Women and Family Life – Fate ? Troy Hector ? Trojan Women ? Is Hector a sympathetic hero? Why or why not? 11 Iliad (Book IX) ? Embassy to Achilles – Discourse among equals? – Odysseus plea – Phoenixs plea – Ajaxs parting words ? Is Achilles being unreasonable? Why or why not? 12 Death and Heroism ? The prospect of death drives the heroes to pursue timé (honor). ? The hero is defined by his(her) action in the face of mortality, especially