无状态低级接口机.pptVIP

? 2006 W. B. Guo, All Rights Reserved Chapter 5: cont Input / Output Lecture 13 5.5 Clocks A programmable clock Clock Software Three ways to maintain the time of day Soft Timers A second clock available for timer interrupts specified by applications no problems if interrupt frequency is low Soft timers avoid interrupts kernel checks for soft timer expiration before it exits to user mode how well this works depends on rate of kernel entries 5.6 Character Oriented TerminalsRS-232 Terminal Hardware An RS-232 terminal communicates with computer 1 bit at a time Called a serial line – bits go out