英美文学作家及文学评析培训讲学.doc

英美文学作家及文学评析 精品文档 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 英美文学作家及作品简介 英国文学 古英语时期 （1）《贝奥武夫》 《贝奥武夫》( Beowulf) 一译 贝奥武甫，是一部完成于公元八世纪左右的英国古代 盎格鲁撒克逊( Anglo － Saxons) 民族的英雄叙事长诗，讲述了 斯堪的纳维亚( Scandinavia)的英雄贝奥武夫(Beowulf) 的英勇事迹。该诗是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。这部英格兰的古典英雄史诗从发生的历史背景、地理位置、主要人物都与英国毫不相干。诗中的主人公贝奥武夫来自瑞典, 完成其英雄壮举却在丹麦。全诗分为两部分: 第一部分讲述 丹麦洛斯格国王( King Hrothgar) 修建的宏伟宫殿在前后十二年中被半人半魔的妖怪哥伦多( Grendel) 每晚骚扰，捉食洛斯格的战士。此时恰逢瑞典南部济兹( Geats) 王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，欲帮助洛斯格国王除害。国王当晚设宴款待，妖怪哥伦多再次出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤回到栖身的洞穴后死去。第二天晚上，哥伦多的母亲前来为其子复仇，之后贝奥武夫将其在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。史诗第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返回本国，被拥戴为王，统治国家五十年，举国大治。最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，身受重创死去。史诗以贝奥武夫的葬礼结束。 Beowulf?is an? \o Old English Old English?epic poem consisting of 3182? \o Alliterative verse alliterative long lines. It is possibly the oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of? \o Old English literature Old English literature.?It was written in England some time between the 8th?and the early 11th century.?The author was an anonymous? \o Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Saxon?poet, referred to by scholars as the Beowulfpoet The poem is set in? \o Scandza Scandinavia.? \o Beowulf (hero) Beowulf, a hero of the? \o Geats Geats, comes to the aid of? \o Hrothgar Hroegar, the king of the? \o Danes (Germanic tribe) Danes, whose? \o Mead hall mead hall?in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as? \o Grendel Grendel. After Beowulf slays him,? \o Grendels mother Grendels mother?attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland ( \o G?taland G?taland?in modern Sweden) and later becomes king of the Geats. After a period of fifty years has passed, Beowulf defeats a? \o Dragon dragon, but is fatally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants bury him in a? \o Tumulus tumulus, a burial mound, in Geatland.The full poem survives in the manuscript known as the? \o Nowell Codex Nowell Codex, located in the