欧盟交易体系跟经济危机对减排的影响资料文档.ppt

AUTHORS Data &Strategy PART 1 Introduction The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) was launched to cut the costs of GHG emissions by relying on market mechanisms. ABOUT The 2008/09 economic downturn has also affected GHG emissions. ABOUT UNCLEAR: 1、 how great this impact has been 2、what share of the reduction in emissions can be attributed to the EU ETS 3、what share can be attributed to the economic crisis. FOR This finding has serious implications for future policy adjustments affecting core elements of the EU ETS, including the distribution of EU emission allowances. PART 3 Background The EU ETS ： 1、The first and largest market-based regulation mechanism to reduce GHG emissions； 2、The `flagship` policy of the European Commission (EC) in its fight against climate change； 3、It operates in the 28 member states of the EU. Background The main principle of the EU ETS is “cap and trade”. Cap : an EU-wide cap for GHG emissions set by the EC that is progressively reduced each monitoring period. Companies under the cap are required to cover their emissions with EU emission allowances (EUAs), which are handed out free of charge or auctioned. Trade : EUAs can be traded among facilities or countries enabling those that run short of allowancesto purchase additional EUAs and so avoid penalization in the event of non-submission. The most striking characteristic of any evaluation of the literature assessing the EU ETS and its effect on GHG emissions is that nearly all the studies create counterfactuals artificially using BAU forecasts. But the counterfactual can never actually be observed. In contrast to the evaluations reviewed above, the analysis reported here uses historical data to evaluate the impact of the EU ETS and of the economic crisis on emission reduction. A good body of ex-post data is now available. Background PART 3 Data & Strategy sources World Bank Open Data Sources Eurostat the Community Independent Transaction Log (CITL) BP Statistics Data Data Data D