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Biodiesel Production and Quality
Last updated April 26, 2007
The production processes for biodiesel are well known. There are three basic routes to biodiesel production
from oils and fats:
* Base catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
* Direct acid catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
* Conversion of the oil to its fatty acids and then to biodiesel.
Most of the biodiesel produced today is done with the base catalyzed reaction for several reasons:
* It is low temperature and pressure.
* It yields high conversion (98%) with minimal side reactions and reaction time.
* It is a direct conversion to biodiesel with no intermediate compounds.
* No exotic materials of construction are needed.
The chemical reaction for base catalyzed biodiesel production is depicted below. One hundred pounds of fat
or oil (such as soybean oil) are reacted with 10 pounds of a short chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to
produce 10 pounds of glycerin and 100 pounds of biodiesel. The short chain alcohol, signified by ROH
(usually methanol, but sometimes ethanol) is charged in excess to assist in quick conversion. The catalyst is
usually sodium or potassium hydroxide that has already been mixed with the methanol. R', R'', and R'''
indicate the fatty acid chains associated with the oil or fat which are largely palmitic, stearic, oleic, and
linoleic acids for naturally occurring oils and fats.
The Biodiesel Reaction
CH OCOR''' CH OH R'''COOR
2 2
| Catalyst |
CH OCOR''
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