外研版高中英语选修六课件Module 5 CloningSection Ⅱ Grammar.ppt

虚拟语气 ( Ⅰ ) 1 ． 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 【语境领悟】 *If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 如果我是你，我就立刻戒酒。 *If I had known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 如果我知道下雨，我就不去乡间散步了。 *If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 如果你下次去那儿，你就明白我的意思了。 【知识归纳】 条件 从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实 相反 一般过去时 (be 一般用 were) would /could/ might ＋动词原形 与过去事实 相反 had done would /could/ might ＋ have done 与将来事实 相反 一般过去时 /were to do/ should ＋动词原形 would /should/ could/might ＋动 词原形 2. 虚拟语气用于 wish 的宾语从句 【语境领悟】 *I wish we could go to the seaside today. 我们今天去海边就好了。 *We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我们要是早到那里两个小时就好了。 *I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 但愿明天天气晴朗。 【知识归纳】 在 wish 后的宾语从句中， 常常表示与现在或过去的事实相反， 或 对将来的主观愿望，从句中通常用虚拟语气，意为“可惜……”、 “……就好了”、“悔不该……”。 (1) 对现在情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词用过去式 (be 动词一般用 were) 。 (2) 对过去情况的虚拟，从句中谓语动词常用 had ＋过去分词。 (3) 对将来的主观愿望，从句中谓语动词常用 would /could/ might ＋ 动词原形。 【深化点拨】 wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于： hope 表示 一般可以实现的愿望，宾语从句用陈述语气； wish 表示很难或不大可 能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。 *We hope they will come . 我们希望他们会来。 *I wish you hadn't told me all this. 我倒希望你当初别把这一切告诉我。 3 ． 虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 (1)if 虚拟句的倒装。 如果 if 条件状语从句中含有 were /should/ had 时，则可以省略 if ， 把这三个词置于句首，采用倒装语序，即： Were /Should/ Had ＋主语＋ 其他。 * Were I you ( ＝ If I were you), I would be back home. 如果我是你，我就回家。 * Should I know it ( ＝ If I should know it), I would tell you. 如果我知道这件事，我就告诉你。 (2) 含蓄条件句。 条件从句中不出现 if 而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表 示。 ①常用的词或短语有 without, with, but for( 要是没有 ) ， otherwise, or, but 等。 ② 表 示 与 现 在 或 未 来 事 实 相 反 时 ， 句 子 谓 语 动 词 用 would /could/ might ＋动词原形； 表示与过去事实相反的愿望时， 句子谓 语动词用 would /could/ might ＋ have ＋过去分词。 * Without water, we would not live .( ＝ If there were no water, ...) 如 果没有水，我们就不能生活。 * But for your help, I couldn't have finished it.( ＝ If you hadn't helped me ， ...) 要是没有你的帮助，我就完不成这项任务。 (3)It's(high) time that... 句式。 谓语动词用动词过去式或 should ＋动