橡胶和社会发展.ppt

Introduction to polymer science RUBBER 橡胶 四川大学化学学院 Part 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RUBBER PROPERTIES OF RUBBER/ELASTOMER o An elastomer is a polymer with the property of elasticity. the ter rhich is derived from elastic polymer is often used interchangeably ith the term rubber, although the latter is preferred when referring Elastomers are amorphous polymers existing above their glass transition temperature so that considerable segmental motion is possible. At ambient temperatures rubbers are thus relatively soft and deformable o the elasticity is derived from the ability of the long chains to reconfigure themselves to distribute an applied stress. The covalent cross-linkages ensure that the elastomer will return to its origina configuration when the stress is removed o Their primary uses are for seals, adhesives and molded flexible parts CHARACTERISTIC OF ELASTOMERIC PROPERTY o small elastic modulus Steel: 20000MPa PE: 200MPa(crystallized); PS: 2500MPa ● Rubber:0.28MPa o large strain Steel: 1% Rubber:300~1000% o elastic modulus of the rubber increased with the temperature The motion and retractive force of the chain segments increased ith the temperature resulted in a high resistance of deformation o The high elastic deformation of the rubber is time dependent, i.e. mechanical relaxation o The deformation process have obvious thermal effect RUBBER ELASTICITY 高弹态( high elastic state)是高分子运动的特点之一;大部分高分 子在T~Tf间都可表现出一定的高弹性。 glass high elastic viscoUs state transation state state viscoelastic n TF Temperature (oc) 高弹态是聚合物特有的力学状态。在T以上的非品态聚合物处于高 弹态,典型的代表是各种橡胶,因为其Tg≈-60~20)℃,所以在一般 使用温度下均呈高弹态