八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解和练习.doc

现在完成时练习 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2.用法 (1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你(已经吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了 (2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 \ 如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教 I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 3.结构 1.陈述句结构:主语+have( has(not+过去分词+其它。 have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t. 2.一般疑问句结构:Have( Has +主语+过去分词+其它? 3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has +主语+ 过去分词+其它? eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet. (3表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语―过‖,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4.现在完成时的时间状语 (1现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示―曾经‖或―从未―等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 1 d.用包括―现在‖在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次? (2现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示―一段时间‖的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示―一段时间‖的状语连用。要用,必须改为―be(在‖等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: arrive→be he re begin(start→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep→be ill(sick,asleep get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on o