48个国际准则音标及发音程序.doc

精心整理 精心整理 2019年9月 2019年9月 精心整理 2019年9月 48个国际音标表 Vowels 元音 i: i e ? З: ? Λ u: ? ?: ? ɑ: ei ai ?i ?? a? I? e? ?? Consonants 辅音 p b t d k g f v s z ? e m n ? l r h w j ∫ ? t∫ d? tr dr ts dz 英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音 元音 长元音 /ɑ:/ /?:/ /??:/ /i:/ /U:/ 短元音 /?? / / e / / ? / /Λ/ / ? / / ? / / ? / 双元音 /e?/ /a?/ /??/ /??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/ 辅音10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [?] [ts] [tr] [ t? ] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [dz] [dr] [ d? ] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [?] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。 关于语音的几个概念: 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个 辅音. 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e ,这时元音发字母本身的音。如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant 1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) [i]发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [?] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author delicious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen Saturday [Λ] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above troub