社会语言学第十讲社会方言阶层与职业 课件.pptVIP

社会语言学 第十讲 社会方言：阶层与职业 西方社会分层的两大理论传统 Karl Marx Max Weber 主导 观点 阶级斗争 阶级调和 理论 模型 历史唯物主义 生产力与生产关系 经济、声誉、权力 三位一体的分层模式 职业与阶层紧密关联 ? 中国 ? 美国 William Labov 生平 ? Professor, Departments of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, ? Born: Dec 4, 1927, Rutherford, NJ ? Columbia University, M.A., 1963; Ph.D. 1964 ? Industrial chemist, Union Ink Co., Ridgefield, NJ, 1949-1960 ? Assistant Professor, Columbia University, 1964-1970 ? Associate Professor, Professor, University of Pennsylvania, 1971- ? Director, Linguistics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 1976- William Labov 主要著作 ? The social motivation of a sound change, 1963 ? The Social Stratification of English in New York City.,1966 ? Sociolinguistic Patterns, 1972 ? Language in the Inner City, 1972 ? Principles of Linguistic Change. Volume 1: Internal Factors , 1994. ? Principles of Linguistic Change. Volume 2: Social Factors. 2019. ? Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 3:Cognitive and Cultural Factors, 2019 ? with U. Weinreich M. Herzog, Empirical foundations for a theory of language change, 1968. Casestudy 1: Martha s Vineyard (1963) The island was chosen as a laboratory for an initial investigation of social patterns in linguistic change. （ 1 ） has the advantage of being a self-contained unit, separated from the mainland by a good three miles of the Atlantic Ocean. （ 2 ） has enough social and geographic complexity to provide ample room for differentiation of linguistic behavior. （ 3 ） We are also fortunate in having the records of the Linguistic Atlas of New England 1931-1972 (henceforth abbreviated LANE) as a background for the investigation. The social motivation of a sound change The social motivation of a sound change （ 1 ）词汇调查 ? A lexical questionnaire, using the regional markers shown as most significant in the maps of the LANE, supplemented with recent observations, and concentrating on the followin