英语构词法总结.pdfVIP

构词法 前缀：通常改变词义 后缀：通常改变词性 a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情 dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorder in/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregular non: non-scientist non-smoker non-stop un: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair 3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪…,假…) maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutrition mislead, misinform, misfortune pseudoscientific, pseudo-realism well: well-known, well-informed 5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀 anti-(反对，防止) ：antiwar, antiaircraft 防空袭的 contra-(反对，相反) ：contradict, contra-dance counter-(反对，相反) ：counteraction 反作用 pro-(亲，赞成) ：pro-American, pro-slavery 6) 表示时间或顺序 ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-president fore-前，先：forefather, forethought 深谋远虑 post-后的：post-war, postgraduate pre-前的：pre-war, premature re-再：remarriage, reconsider 7) 表示地点的前缀 extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegal fore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretell inter-在…之间: international, interschool tele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescope trans-穿越:transplant in-内,里: inside, inland, invade super-在…之上: superstructure 上层建筑 8) 表数字的前缀 uni- （统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的) mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide 一氧化碳 bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingual di-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide 二氧化碳 multi-(多的) ：multimedia semi- （半的） semiautomatic 半自动的 hemi-(半的):hemisphere 半球 tri-(三个) ：triangle, tricolor 三色旗 centi-(百分之一) ：centimeter 厘米，centigram 厘克 有些前缀可改变词性 a-, be-, en/em- asleep, awake befriend, beloved enforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge 常用后缀 1. 1.指人的后缀 - eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer -er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor -ess: actress, hostess -ster: youngster, gangster -an, ian, ese 国家的人：Australian, American -ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant -ician: electrician, technician -ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist -ism: socialism, realism 2. 名词的后缀 -age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom, -hood, -ity, -me