测绘工程专业英语翻译Unit 5.pdfVIP

Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） The purpose of the surveying is to locate the positions of points on or near the surface of the earth. （测量的目的是确定地表或接近地表的点的点位。） To determine horizontal positions of arbitrary points on the earth’s surface and elevation of points above or below a reference surface are known as a control survey. （确定地表任一【arbitrary 任意的】 点的平面位置和确定点高于或低于一个参考面的 高程的工作被称为控制测量） The positions and elevations of the points make up a control network. （这些点的平 面位置和高程组成 了一个控制网） There are different types of control networks depending on where and why they are established. （依照它们建立的地点和目的不同，有不同的控制网类型） A control network may have very accurate positions but no elevations (called a Horizontal Control Network) or very accurate elevations but no positions (called a Vertical Control Network). （一个控 制网可能有精确的平面位置而没有高程（称为平面控制网），或者有精确的高程而没 有平面位置（称为高程控制 网）） Some points in a control network have both accurate positions and elevations. （有些 控制网的点既有 精确的平面位置也有精确的高程） Control networks range from small, simple and inexpensive to large and complex and very expensive to establish. （控制网的范围从小的、简单的、便宜的网到大的、复杂 的、昂贵的网） A control network may cover a small area by using a “local” coordinate system that allows you to position the features in relation to the control network but doesn’t tell you where the features are on the surface of the earth, or cover a large area by consisting of a few well-placed and precise-established control points, which is sometimes called the primary control. （一个控制网可以是覆盖小范围，使用区域 坐标系统，允许你相对于控制网确定地貌特征【feature】，但却不告诉你它们在地表 的 什么地方；或者覆盖一个广大区域，由少数被适当安置并精确测设的控制点组成， 有时被称为基础控制） The horizontal positions of points in a network can be obtained in a number of different ways. （控制网的点的平面位置可以由许多不同方法来获得） The generally used methods are triangulation, trilateration, traversing, intersection, resection and GPS. （一般使用的方法有，三角测量、三边测量、导线测量、交会测量、 后方交会测量、和 GPS 测量） The main topic of this text refers to the traversing. （这篇课文主要讲的是导线测量） Triangulation （三角测量） T