compass systems.[2017][journal of comparative physiology. a, neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology][.指南针系统。[2017][比较生理学杂志》上。一、神经行为学英文精品课件.pdf

J Comp Physiol A DOI 10.1007/s00359-016-1140-x ORIGINAL PAPER Compass systems Nikita Chernetsov1,2,3 Received: 29 September 2016 / Revised: 4 December 2016 / Accepted: 12 December 2016 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract Three compass systems based on global cues cues, based on the global sources of information. It has known to exist in migrating birds are reviewed. Two of even been suggested that compass systems based on global these systems are based on celestial cues, a time-dependent cues are required for any animal moving across complex sun compass and time-independent, i.e. not involving the environments, not necessarily on a very large spatial scale internal clock, star compass. The third system is the mag- (Finkelstein et al. 2016). Several possibilities have been netic compass, based on a separate sensory modality, which tested, but three cues stand out. The use of solar compass currently attracts much attention from behavioural ecolo- (Schmidt-Koenig 1958), star compass (Emlen 1967a, b) gists, physiologists and physicists. The complex pattern of and magnetic compass (Wiltschko and Wiltschko 1972) is hierarchy and interactions between these compass systems supported by solid evidence, has been independently con- is briely discussed. It is argued that rules of integration of irmed by many authors, and may be treated as established information from different compass cues are likely depend- fact rather than hypotheses. ent on ecological and geographic conditions the birds are Of these three compass systems, most attention in the facing during their journey, so it is likely that no single set current years